TCFP Firefighter II (FF2) Practice Exam

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• In incident scene management, which statement best describes the Cold Zone?
• Which item is not a component of a Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS) as described?
• OSB stands for oriented strand board. Which option best describes the strands used to form OSB?
• What term refers to several diseases that result in obstructive problems in the airway?
• Foam solution is defined as:
• Wye appliance: what does it do?
• A ________ _________ must be established adjacent to any exposed exterior walls of the structure.
• Which construction method uses panels with foam insulation sandwiched between plywood sheets that are assembled on-site and require no framing members?
• Fiberglass is typically used for insulation.
• Which post is nearest the rear door handle on a four-door vehicle, or the rear roof post on a two-door vehicle?
• Displacing the dashboard is most commonly associated with which crash scenario?
• Reinforced concrete is concrete that is internally fortified with what?
• Which hazard is associated with fire fighting foam concentrate?
• Fog nozzles can be used with foam solution to produce:
• Which term refers to the perception of the surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events?
• CAFS stands for which foam system?
• A way to establish perimeters is to ensure that initial perimeters are larger than necessary for investigators.
• In order to prevent damage to a portable generator, always:
• What is the first step of a vehicle extrication operation?
• What should be done when removing vehicle windows?
• What term describes the outline of the steps that must be performed in order to properly follow an organizational policy?
• A winch is most commonly attached to which parts of a vehicle?
• At an incident involving a gas distribution system, if the gas is burning, what should be done with the flame?
• Which type of evidence is provided by a witness who obtained it through his or her senses?
• During hose testing, what should be marked on the hose jackets against each blank?
• Which shorthand term is sometimes used to indicate a large fire scene requiring extended hose layout?
• Which term denotes evidence that tends to prove a factual matter through inference by proving other events or circumstances?
• Why are low head dams extremely dangerous for victims and rescuers?
• Edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall?
• Which post runs between the front and rear doors on a four-door vehicle, or the door-handle-end post on a two-door car?
• Which device is used to introduce foam concentrate into the water stream and is connected at the pump discharge?
• At around what temperature does steel begin losing its strength?
• Heat may degrade mortar between the bricks, block, and stone. What can this degradation show signs of?
• What is the term for the operational zone established on or near a roadway for rerouting traffic and protecting civilians and responders?
• At a water or ice rescue, PFDs must be worn by any personnel working within how many feet of the water's edge?
• What describes unibody construction in automobiles?
• Which term refers to the partition between the engine compartment and the passenger compartment designed to protect occupants from engine hazards?
• What is code enforcement?
• What is the written plan that identifies and analyzes the exposure to hazards, the selection of appropriate risk management techniques to handle exposures, the implementation of chosen techniques, and monitoring of the results?
• Which fire-rated wall extends from the foundation up to and through the roof of a building, designed to limit the spread of a fire within a structure or between adjacent structures?
• Charge state for battery packs and pneumatic cylinders during storage?
• Point of Origin is defined as
• Firefighters should ensure the structure is what before leaving to the property owner?
• Low expansion ratio foam is typically described as being effective for controlling and extinguishing most Class B fires at an expansion ratio of:
• What is a recommended practice when establishing perimeters at a fire scene?
• Which term refers to the means of exit travel in a building, consisting of three parts that lead to a public way?
• Interior examination should include which elements?
• What does IDLH stand for in firefighting contexts?
• Which option lists the two types of iron commonly found in North American buildings?
• Under BSI, PPE is worn to prevent exposure to which hazards?
• Finished foam is defined as:
• In a technical rescue, the FF II's main duty is to
• Which statement best describes pneumatic tools relative to electric and hydraulic tools?
• If a sprinkler is color coded Blue, what is its temperature rating?
• In a scenario where a high voltage line has fallen on a vehicle, which action should rescuers take first?
• Exigent circumstances refer to what?
• Which passenger safety system includes pretensioners that present a significant ignition hazard during rescue operations?
• Structural collapse can be caused by damage from which forces?
• What item in the area of origin is examined to indicate the fire cause?
• What term describes solid wood or plastic blocks used to stabilize structures during extrication?
• Which collapse pattern offers a good chance of habitable void spaces on both sides of the center wall?
• What is an advantage of using a foam nozzle to apply fire fighting foam?
• Flammable liquids have a flashpoint of less than how many degrees Fahrenheit?
• Which component is defined as metal or wooden plates used to connect and strengthen intersections of truss components into a load-bearing unit?
• Which describes a Photovolatic (PV) System as an arrangement of components that conveys electrical power by converting solar energy into direct current electricity?
• Which role conducts detailed analysis and determines amount of loss?
• Class A foam reduces which property of water to improve firefighting effectiveness?
• When one or more wall of a multistory building collapses, leaving the floors attached to and supported by the remaining walls, the pattern is most vulnerable to secondary collapse. Which collapse is described?
• Which construction type utilizes heavy timber interior framing with larger dimensions than Type 3?
• Trench rescue refers to which of the following?
• Which statement best describes Type 3 construction?
• What is the manually operated pulling tool that uses a ratchet/pulley arrangement to provide mechanical advantage?
• Which instrument is specified as being used to measure pressure on hose testing equipment?
• What is the term for walls that by design carry at least some portion of the building's structural load in the direction of the ground?
• How does the stream reach of foam nozzles compare to fog nozzles?
• Premixing is typically used with which equipment?
• Foam concentrate is defined as:
• The rate of Class B foam application is influenced by whether the fuel is spilled or contained in a tank. Which description best matches this dependence?
• Reinforced concrete is internally fortified with what?
• Which statement correctly defines fluoroprotein foam?
• Traditionally, collapse zones have been estimated by multiplying the height of the structure by a factor of which value?
• Which statement correctly describes the Venturi effect?
• Which frame is used on larger automobiles and trucks, particularly heavy-duty vehicles that carry or pull heavy loads?
• In a structural rescue operation, which action aligns with the priority of caring for untrapped victims?
• what should be worn at all times at a MVC unless you are directly involved in fire fighting or extrication
• Which description best defines Acute?
• A pretensioner is a device that takes up slack in a seat belt to prevent the passenger from being thrown forward in a crash.
• Where does the foam solution exist in the system?
• Gypsum is noted for absorbing heat due to its moisture content during heating.
• Which term describes the horizontal member placed between roof trusses to support the roof?
• Which statement explains why power tools should not be used around flammable vapors?
• Charred material indicates what about fire behavior?
• What is the opening spread of cutters (shears)?
• What is the recommended safety stance when approaching electric or hybrid vehicles during rescue operations?
• First arriving firefighters should note which of the following?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed use for metals in buildings?
• Which term refers to the sequence of events that allows the ignition source and the first fuel to come together?
• The rate of application for Class B foam depends on:
• Which NFPA term describes incidents that have the potential to cause critical incident stress?
• Which term describes a lightweight truss design noted by the bow shape of the top chord?
• Body Substance Isolation (BSI) is best described as
• Which appliance merges two or more hoselines into a single hoseline?
• Which description correctly defines a screw jack?
• AFFF is primarily chosen for airport firefighting because of its ability to...
• Which powered rescue tool produces tremendous force at its tips and can spread up to 32 inches apart?
• Which hazard is most closely associated with Low-Head Dams and poses a danger to rescuers?
• At approximately what temperature does steel fail?
• During vehicle stabilization on a leveled surface, what is a commonly used method to keep the vehicle from moving?
• Which characteristic makes plastic cribbing advantageous in rescue scenarios?
• Which material is not typically metal building material?
• Which stabilizing tool prevents vehicles from moving when they are parked?
• Metal building materials typically include which combination?
• In technical rescue, which statement is accurate?
• What partitions between the engine compartment and the passenger compartment?
• Which part of the vehicle body surrounds the front tires?
• Which statement best reflects preserving the scene to maximize chances of locating the origin?
• Class A foam acts as a surfactant, which means that it:
• What is the typical water content in most foam mixes?
• Material First Ignited refers to:
• What is the internationally recognized distress signal used to indicate an immediate life-threatening emergency?
• An advantage of _____ is that they are widely available on most fire apparatus.
• Which is one of the immediate action steps that includes accounting for personnel?
• Stones and concrete may lose small portions of their surface when heated, a condition called _______.
• Which piece of equipment is used to prevent pressurized hose from dangerously whipping back and forth if it ruptures?
• What is Physical Evidence?
• NFPA 1006 is the standard for what?
• Arson crimes are what type of fire cause?
• In incident scene operations, the hot zone is characterized as which type of environment?
• If a victim is entangled in a machine that is still running, what should you do?
• If a sprinkler is color coded Red, what color bulb does it use?
• Which collapse pattern is the least likely to contain voids where live victims may be found?
• What is likely to cause poor quality fire fighting foam to be produced?
• Which construction type is known as heavy timber construction with interior framing having minimum dimensions larger than Type 3?
• Which statement about tempered glass is true?
• Which method of foam application is only suitable for use on a pool of liquid fuel on open ground?
• Brick and stone are generally used to create ______ ______, which are decorative covers for wood, metal, and concrete-block load bearing walls.
• Which statement about AFFF benefits is true?
• Rain down method involves which action?
• What is the front post area of a vehicle where the door is connected to the body called?
• To meet the obligation to inspect and maintain portable generators and lighting equipment, you must:
• When testing a hoseline, to what pressure should the line be filled?
• Which term describes a second roof over an existing roof, often used in colder climates to add insulation?
• Eduction, or induction, uses which principle to draw foam concentrate into water?
• What is the concealed space between the top floor and the roof of a structure called?
• Which nozzle type is widely available on most fire apparatus?
• Which construction type uses heavy timber interior framing with minimum dimensions larger than those used in Type 3?
• Time of arrival is considered what type of information to provide to fire investigators?
• Deteriorated mortar between the masonry is a sign of what?
• What is created using one or more struts and a ratcheting device to apply lateral and upward force to a vehicle to decrease the likelihood of a vehicle tipping over during rescue operations?
• What percentage mixture is recommended for hydrocarbons when using Class A foam?
• Church steeples, water tanks, chimneys, and false facades that extend above the structure must be viewed as a potential collapse hazard.
• Which term describes the sequence of events that allow the ignition source and the material first ignited to come together?
• Who is in charge of the Incident Command System and responsible for the management of all incident operations during an emergency?
• what is a characteristic of plastic cribbing?
• In vehicles, tempered glass is most commonly used for which windows?
• Which statement about the whizzer saw is true?
• Which term best describes the systematic process used to determine how a fire started?
• If Type I structural collapse does occur, it will be localized and not structure wide.
• Curtain wall is described as which?
• Where should fire hose maintenance records be stored?
• What is a purlin?
• After announcing a Mayday, which four elements should be communicated?
• Which collapse pattern occurs when the floor and or roof assemblies on both sides of a load bearing center wall collapse?
• What is the term for the weight of the structure itself and permanent attached components?
• Foam proportioner is defined as:
• Who is the first fireman on the scene according to standard incident command structure?
• Which structural member is described as lightweight truss built from a long steel bar bent at a 90-degree angle with welded top and bottom pieces?
• Why should vehicle batteries be disconnected and undeployed airbags be deactivated?
• Which set of factors includes the elements that influence how fire spreads?
• Which pulling tools are typically mounted on the front, rear or side of a vehicle and are stronger and faster to deploy?
• Which term describes the potentially hazardous area immediately surrounding the incident site that requires protective clothing and equipment for entry?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a metal building material commonly used?
• Laminated safety glass is best described as which structure?
• What best describes safety glass?
• Gasoline is an example of which type of fuel?
• According to the rule of thumb, which clearance is recommended for impact curtains?
• Which sprinkler color uses a Purple bulb?
• Which option describes a water thief?
• Which term describes evidence that has been gathered and is in the possession of investigators?
• Which term refers to a door constructed with interior spacers separating face panels rather than solid material?
• Which term describes the primary metal material used to provide structural support in large buildings?
• Which sprinkler color uses an Orange/Red bulb?
• Which collapse pattern is least likely to contain voids?
• Which hydrants have the highest GPM, listed as 1500+?
• What is the temperature rating for Blue color coded sprinkler systems?
• In Type 3 construction, which element is described as noncombustible or limited combustible?
• Which disorder is defined as a disorder caused when persons have been exposed to a traumatic event in which they have experienced, witnessed, or been confronted with actual death, threatened death, serious injury, or the threat of injury to self or others?
• Which two factors affect how wood reacts to fire conditions?
• What best defines a code?
• Which headlight system uses electricity discharged through inert, pressurized xenon and is about three times brighter than a common halogen headlight?
• Rope Rescue is best defined as the use of rope and related equipment to perform what type of operation?
• What are two ways you can gain knowledge of the contents within a structure?
• Which door type has its entire core filled with solid material?
• What is tensile strength?
• How far should the cordon be placed from a trench in each direction?
• Which term refers to body material that surrounds the area of the rear tires?
• Which statement about AFFF is NOT true?
• 250 gpm adds approximately how many tons of water per minute?
• Which jack is the least stable and prone to failure under heavy loads?
• If a sprinkler is color coded Black, what color bulb does it use?
• In rescue tasks for which you are not trained, what is the recommended action?
• A fire investigator decides what is considered as evidence.
• Orange hydrants have a GPM of
• Chronic means
• What should be done before shutting off power to a vehicle?
• Which term describes evidence obtained through senses that directly proves a fact?
• A Pneumatic Lifting bag is an inflatable envelope-type device placed between the ground and an object to lift the object; it may also be used to separate objects and can have lifting capabilities in excess of 75 tons.
• Solid materials used to prevent or limit the vertical and horizontal spread of fire and the products of combustion in hollow walls or floors, above false ceilings, in penetrations for plumbing or electrical installations, in penetrations of a fire-rated assembly, or in cocklofts and crawl spaces?
• Which description best matches a tensioned buttress system?
• Which item should hose maintenance records include?
• Wood with high moisture content is sometimes referred to as ______
• During a fire, determining the duration of steel exposure helps assess what?
• Which term refers to the base operating system of a motor vehicle consisting of the frame, suspension system, wheels, and steering mechanism?
• Which material is noted for absorbing heat due to its moisture content during heating?
• If a large pool of flammable liquid is burning in an open area, the _____ method of foam application may be the most effective method to use.
• Location and collection of evidence is based on what principle?
• Mixing water with foam concentrate to form a foam solution is referred to as:
• What best describes a winch?
• Small-diameter hose (SDH) is defined as hoses of which diameter range?
• Spoilation is defined as what?
• Pneumatic lifting bags may have lifting capabilities in excess of how many tons?
• Generators are typically equipped with which voltage outlets?
• Floor charring can be caused by which phenomenon?
• What is rebar?
• What is the primary purpose of a foam proportioner in firefighting operations?
• Which collapse pattern involves exterior walls collapsing simultaneously, causing the roof and upper floors to collapse on top of each other?
• If a sprinkler is color coded Green, what color bulb does it use?
• Procedures being written in a handbook for reference best describes which concept?
• The strength of a vehicle's ______ after a collision determines the vehicle's structural integrity.
• Which extinguishment method involves foam creating a barrier between the fuel gases and any possible ignition sources?
• Concrete blocks may crack, but they usually do what?
• Red hydrants have a GPM of
• Injection refers to:
• Most fire fighting foams are intended to be mixed with what percentage of water?
• At an incident involving flammable liquids or gases, firefighters should immediately retreat to a safe location:
• Which roof type features a solar panel array designed to provide electricity to the structure?
• Which powered rescue tools are designed primarily for pushing and the largest of these tools can extend to nearly 5'?
• Carcinogen is defined as
• What is Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP) best described as?
• Offensive strategy is defined as which?
• What is a lifting jack that uses hydraulic fluid power supplied from a manually operated hand lever?
• What is the continuous and unobstructed exit path from any point in a building to a public way, comprising exit access, exit, and exit discharge?
• What is the content of the NFPA 1962 standard description as a test?
• Which truss is constructed with the top and bottom chords parallel and is used as floor joists in multistory buildings and as ceiling joists in flat-roofed buildings?
• Who is responsible for identifying the area of origin during a fire investigation?
• Which term describes an ongoing evaluation of influential factors at the scene to inform incident priorities and resource needs?
• Which term describes horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor, to which drywall or subflooring is attached?
• What is the maximum spacing, in inches, between tips of the spreaders?
• In unibody construction, the frame and body are...
• When would a fire hose be tagged for repair?
• Which term describes a wall that carries some of the building's structural load?
• If a sprinkler is color coded White, what color bulb does it use?
• In Type 5 construction, which elements are made of wood or wood-like materials with smaller dimensions than Type 4?
• What term denotes the right of entry allowing the fire department to enter a property without a warrant to suppress a fire or determine origin and cause?
• What is a potential consequence of masonry collapse?
• In preserving the fire scene for origin determinations, which statement best reflects recommended practice?
• What is the name of the area between the hot and cold zones that usually contains the decontamination corridor at hazardous materials incidents?
• What is the temperature rating range for green color coded sprinkler systems?
• Which roof type has solar panels designed to provide electricity and may be retrofitted or integrated during construction?
• When should a fire hose receive a repair tag?
• What is the temperature rating for Black color coded sprinkler systems?
• Which expansion category is typically used in confined spaces such as shipboard compartments basements mines and enclosed aircraft hangars?
• Which type of structure is partially or completely built in a factory and shipped to the installation location?
• Most plastic will melt and contribute to the fuel load.
• Which action should be avoided during an incident involving a tanker carrying flammable fuels?
• Line Personnel are personnel who provide emergency services to external customers. Which group do they primarily serve?
• _________ is the most common building material used in North America and is the main component of many structural assemblies
• Green hydrants have a GPM of
• In water or ice rescue operations, personnel within how many meters of the water edge must wear PFDs?
• What is required to identify Material First Ignited in a meaningful way?
• What do floor assemblies create?
• In Type 4 construction, exterior walls are described as what?
• What is a Tactical Progress Report?
• From a firefighter's perspective, awareness of the type of _______ used in a particular structure is vital.
• Risk-benefit analysis in incident operations is best described as which?
• Which materials are used as internal reinforcement in reinforced concrete?
• Circumstantial evidence is defined as evidence that is presented in a trial to prove what?
• In-line eductor is defined as:
• Which collapse pattern occurs when one outer wall fails while the opposite wall remains intact, forming a triangular void underneath?
• Which term describes equipment approved for use in flammable atmospheres and must be incapable of releasing enough electrical energy to ignite the atmosphere?
• Exterior scene assessment and exterior examination should include which elements?
• Which term describes the process of mixing water with foam concentrate to create a foam solution?
• In incident operations, which term describes allowing firefighters to rest, rehydrate, and recover, and also refers to the on-scene location for such activity?
• How are door and roof posts normally identified?
• Which statement best describes why low head dams are dangerous to rescue operations?
• When should properly trained firefighters not be expected to recognize and collect important information?
• When might an insurance investigator be hired?
• A hazard of using lifting jackets during vehicle operations?
• Why should test lengths of hose not exceed 300 feet (100 m) in length?
• High-quality foam bubbles are created through which process?
• Which door type is described as lightweight with interior spacers separating the face panels rather than solid material?
• Which roof element is the inclined beam that supports the roof and runs along the slope?
• Does charring on vertical surfaces of walls, closed doors, and objects face toward the area or point of origin?
• Which concept encompasses both perceiving the environment and anticipating future events during an incident?
• Area of Origin refers to which concept?
• An investigator may what?
• A winch is used primarily to perform what operation?
• Which term is used for the overview and critique of an incident by all responding agencies, often used in training to evaluate performance?
• Which type of foam proportioner can compromise firefighter safety by slowing firefighters down since it requires the concentrate to be available where the nozzle is being operated?
• Which term encompasses the likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard and the potential for loss?
• Which term describes a space not intended for continuous occupancy, with restricted openings and potentially toxic atmosphere?
• In the two-in/two-out rule, what is the role of the two backup personnel?
• First arriving firefighters should make mental notes of which items?
• For roof removal on a unibody vehicle, under which post should a step chock be placed?
• What is the first priority at a structural collapse rescue?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature affecting the length of time the structure will maintain integrity under heat exposure?
• What defines physical evidence?
• Which term represents the information, data, or observation that allows the investigator to compare what was expected with what occurred, and is one of the three evaluation requirements?
• Drywall is defined as?
• Which type of substances have a flash point less than 100°F (38°C)?
• The perimeter for explosions should be established at ___ times the distance from farthest piece of debris found.
• The stabilization process is which of the following?
• After a scene has been stabilized, the next priority is to
• In Type 3 construction, which element is described as noncombustible or limited combustible?
• Procedures are typically written in a handbook so that all firefighters can consult and become familiar with them. This description best defines which concept?
• Which term encompasses bricks, blocks, stones, and both unreinforced and reinforced concrete products?
• At a water and ice rescue, the first task during size-up is to determine whether an incident is a rescue or a recovery.
• Pressure relief valve (PRD) is used to...
• Firefighters determine how long steel has been exposed to heat.
• Which scenario best describes BLEVE?
• Precast concrete is a method of building construction where the concrete member is poured and cured in a controlled environment and is then shipped to the construction site for use. Which term describes this method?
• Which term describes formal methods or rules to guide the performance of routine functions or emergency operations?
• Which item would be considered Physical Evidence in an investigation?
• Which statement correctly describes the first organizational level above individual stations?
• What is the primary hazard at any motor vehicle accident?
• How should the nozzle be opened to bleed off pressure in the test lengths?
• Which hydrants have a GPM range of 1000-1500?
• When a gas distribution system has burning gas, which action aligns with recommended practice?
• Where is the ideal location to test a fire hose?
• Which term describes a condition, substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss—the source of a risk?
• Which of the following is an indicator of structural instability and collapse?
• Extension rams extend from a closed length of 3 feet to what extended length?
• Which stabilization tool is used to support collapsed structural members?
• Which tool is best described as powerful with a short straight blade that moves back and forth for cutting metal during extrication?
• Supplemental restraint system (SRS) is best described as?
• In a curtain collapse, what happens to materials?
• Green wood refers to which condition of wood?
• Rehabilitation may refer to a station at an incident where personnel can rest, rehydrate, and recover. What is this on-scene facility commonly called?
• When service testing a fire hose, it is necessary to:
• Limiting access to a fire scene primarily enhances what for firefighters?
• Which term means the likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard?
• Which pair correctly contrasts Acute and Chronic definitions?
• Which item is typical of exterior scene assessment?
• Class B foams are especially effective on which fuels?
• If gypsum has failed in an area, what could happen to the structural members behind it?
• Which material is the most common building material in North America?
• Which construction type has exterior walls, bearing walls, floors, roofs, and supports made completely or partially of wood or smaller dimensions than Type 4?
• Which term, often abbreviated as ICS, represents a standardized approach to incident management adaptable to incidents of any size?
• Which construction method uses concrete poured into forms at the site to be used?
• If there is a victim in the water, what is a safe assumption about the ice?
• Which is space or enclosed area not intended for continuous occupation, having limited openings for entry or exit, providing unfavorable natural ventilation and the potential to have a toxic, explosive, or oxygen-deficient atmosphere?
• A structural member used to form a roof or floor framework; it typically forms triangles to provide maximum strength with minimal material is called a what?
• Which metal listed is used as a building material alongside steel, aluminum and copper, often for structural or decorative purposes?
• What may an investigator do in the investigation?
• Side-Impact Protection System (SIPS) is which?
• The area of origin is what?
• What could happen if masonry is exposed to too much heat?
• Protecting the fire scene and delaying overhaul operations should be performed when which condition is met?
• Which stabilizing tool is used to support collapsed structural members during rescue operations?
• When testing fire hose, important to:
• Steel structural members ________ (________) when heated which tends to push the walls out.
• What is the primary purpose of using Class A foam on hydrocarbon spills?
• Which term is another name for Eduction?
• Which lifting device is placed between the ground and an object and inflated to lift or separate objects?
• Which term describes the body material surrounding the rear tires?
• Which stabilizing tool is designed to stabilize vehicles resting on their sides or roofs?
• What are the critical parts to the overall success of finding the area of origin?
• Plans Review is a process typically performed before construction begins to ensure safety characteristics. Which term describes this phase?
• Which hydrants have a GPM range of 0-500?
• What percentage for polar solvents when using Class A foam?
• A Fire Fighter II is most likely to be assigned to monitor for hazardous atmospheres during which incident?
• Which of the following can indicate fire cause?
• You should plan for a collapse zone at any fire incident with what type of building construction?
• Battery packs and pneumatic air cylinders should be kept:
• Which construction type is similar to Type 1 but with lower fire resistance?
• Which foam expansion category ranges from 20:1 to 200:1 and is used to suppress vapors from hazardous materials spills at expansion ratios such as 30:1 and 55:1?
• For Type V construction, walls may collapse inward or outward.
• Which type of evidence tends to prove a factual matter through inference by proving other events or circumstances?
• During a BLEVE incident, what is the recommended safe action?
• Steel will support what percent of the designed load and can fail at any time after flashover?
• To prevent generator damage regarding connected equipment, what practice should be followed?
• In firefighting organization, what is a Company?
• Bank down method involves which action?
• What is the term for the structural failure of a building or any portion of it, resulting from a fire, snow, wind, water, or damage from other forces?
• NFPA 1410 requires the initial attack line to provide a minimum flow of which value?
• What rescue tool is used to create an anchor point above a manhole or other opening?
• Earthquakes are what type of fire cause?
• Which saw is powerful, versatile, highly controllable, and has a short, straight blade that moves in and out?
• Which home type is assembled at the factory in two or more all-inclusive sections with utilities installed at the factory?
• In a curtain collapse, how do materials fall?
• What does CRR stand for in fire department practice?
• Which expansion category is used to suppress vapors from hazmat spills when expansion ratios of 30:1 and 55:1 are applied?
• Arson crimes are what type of fire cause?
• Which term describes an atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or health and can produce immediate, irreversible, debilitating effects?
• Which is an indicator that a fire hose should be removed from service?
• Size up refers to which concept?
• If the foam being produced is poor quality, the firefighter should:
• What term describes the process of reviewing building plans and specifications to determine the safety characteristics of the proposed building, typically conducted before permission is granted to begin construction?
• Who conducts detailed analysis and determines amount of loss?
• Undetermined Fire Cause is used when the specific cause has not been determined to a reasonable degree of probability.
• Which wooden structural member is formed by gluing and laminating multiple short pieces of lumber under pressure to create a long, strong beam?
• At a rescue incident, diverting or blocking traffic, shutting off utilities, or suppressing fires that can affect rescue operations are part of which process?
• In an area of origin the blank will contain an indication of fire cause?
• Which term refers to the partition between engine and passenger compartments in vehicles?
• Which tool is designed primarily for pushing and can extend to nearly 5 feet in length?
• Flammable vapors are what kind of fire cause?
• Which statement about foam expansion is true?
• Terrain and topography affect the rate and direction of spread in which type of fires?
• What device converts a vehicle's 12- or 24-volt DC current into 110- or 220-volt AC current?
• Premixing is the process of...
• Because of environmental concerns about fire fighting foam, firefighters should:
• What is the definition of an incendiary fire cause?
• Which term refers to an inclined beam that supports a roof and runs parallel to the slope?
• The typical hole size on a hose test gate valve is what size?
• What term describes the documentation and maintenance of chain of custody to ensure the integrity of evidence at a fire scene?
• The All-Hazard Concept aims to achieve which of the following?
• Which building element extends from the foundation up to and through the roof to limit the spread of fire between adjacent structures?
• Which term describes steel with a surface that is harder than the interior metal because the surface layer was hardened via special heat treating methods and is used in vehicle construction?
• Limiting access to a scene also provides which for FF?
• If a fire begins to spread uncontrollably when applying foam, what should firefighters do?
• Polar solvent fuels are best described as which of the following?
• What is necessary when applying fire fighting foam?
• What is the method for identifying which emergency responders are working on an incident scene?
• What defines direct evidence?
• Risk-benefit analysis informs which aspects of an operation?
• Indications that collapse zones should be established include which of the following?
• Which would be a responsibility of a FFII at cave, mine and tunnel rescue operations?
• Which type of foam proportioner is directly attached to the pump panel outlet or connected at some point in the hose lay?
• Type 3 construction is characterized by exterior walls and structural members being noncombustible or limited; interior framing is wood. Which option best expresses this?
• In wall framing, what term describes an upright post in the framework of a wall for supporting sheets of lath and plaster or wallboard?
• Which statement accurately describes veneer walls?
• Which construction type is commonly referred to as heavy timber construction?
• What action should be taken any time an incident involves energized power lines?
• When collapse is suspected, what is the only permissible action inside the collapse zone?
• Head Protection Systems (HPS) are air bags that deploy from which opening to protect passengers' heads?
• If elongating steel pushes out loadbearing walls and the walls can withstand the elongation, what is the likely consequence?
• The stage of the fire can easily indicate the quantity of heat the structure has been exposed to and the potential for structural collapse.
• Guidelines for requesting assistance of personnel vary by what two things?
• Metal building materials commonly used include ___ _____, steel, aluminum and copper.
• Which equipment types are covered by the calibration requirement for hose pressure testing?
• Holding the nozzles above the pump discharge during testing serves to discharge which of the following?
• Wood must be heated to the point where it what to ignite?
• What is the primary function of the surfactants in Class A foam?
• Hydrocarbon fuels are described as:
• Physical Evidence is tangible items that tend to prove some material fact; also called real evidence. What is an example of Physical Evidence?
• Which devices are used to lift and stabilize large vehicles or objects and are the most stable when fully inflated?
• What does mitigate mean?
• If a high voltage line falls onto a vehicle, what should firefighters do first?
• Why is collapse more likely in the decay stage and during post-suppression activities?
• In the context of visibility for responders on roadways, which statement is true?
• Roll on method involves which action?
• which saw is lightweight, quiet, highly portable, and is often used for delicate cutting operations
• What is the primary purpose of Community Risk Reduction (CRR)?
• If a sprinkler is color coded Red, what is its temperature rating?
• Two-in/two-out rule requires which of the following?
• Which term defines a set of principles, protocols, or procedures that explain how to do something or provide minimum standards to be followed?
• Exterior assessment should note signs of forcible entry.
• Which construction type uses exterior walls, bearing walls, floors, roofs, and supports made completely or partially of wood or smaller dimensions than Type 4?
• Whose responsibility is it to recognize the area where the fire began?
• Ground gradient is best described as which of the following?
• This collapse pattern occurs when the floor and/or roof assemblies on both sides of a center wall collapse into what might be seen as opposing lean-to collapses, offering habitable void spaces on both sides of the center wall.
• Which action should be taken to manage the collapse zone when collapse is suspected?
• Fiberglass is best described as?
• Which foam application method is most commonly used for storage tank fires?
• Which term defines a nonload-bearing exterior wall attached to the outside of a building with a rigid steel frame?
• Foam Expansion is defined as:
• Which factor is important when selecting the appropriate foam proportioner to use?
• Which term describes an interior wall finish system using sheets of gypsum board and taped joints?
• ______ is the primary material used for structural support in the construction of large buildings.
• Which statement is true about polar solvent fuels?
• What labeling practice helps identify contents of pressurized vessels?
• In vehicle extrication, which victims should be removed first?
• To create high-quality foam, what must be mixed in the correct ratio?
• What is a disadvantage of using lifting jackets?
• Vehicle windows made with laminated safety glass consist of which arrangement?
• The amount that fire fighting foam expands depends on the type of foam concentrate used and:
• Which term also serves as the starting point to assess the fire load and conditions?
• In a hazardous incident, what is the term for the area that includes the hot zone, the warm zone, and the cold zone?
• Where are escalator manual stop switches located?
• What defines circumstantial evidence?
• Which term describes flammable liquids that mix readily with water such as ethanol?
• Why are composite or engineered materials frequently used to substitute for wood or steel framing found in older buildings?
• Which statement best describes the area of origin?
• GFCI stands for which protective device?
• Which is a characteristic of foam nozzles?
• Why should power saws never be used in a flammable atmosphere?
• Weight per gallon of water adds how many pounds?
• Which collapse pattern describes outer walls remaining intact while the upper floors or roof fail in the middle?
• What is the general safety guideline for electric and hybrid vehicles?
• What is the primary purpose of a wheel chock?
• The premixing method of foam proportioning is typically used with:
• Rope Rescue refers to the use of rope and related equipment to perform rescue.
• Vehicle components such as valve covers, steering columns, and transmission casings may have high heat fires because they can be made from which material?
• When isolating the electrical system of a vehicle, which terminal should be removed first to minimize arcing?
• What does the term Undertow describe in marine conditions?
• The person in charge of the Incident Command System and responsible for the management of all incident operations during an emergency is called the:
• The bolt on a vehicle's door frame that the door latches onto in order to close is called the Nader pin.
• Which term is the general descriptor for anything that can taint physical evidence during a fire investigation?
• Tensioned Buttress System is a stabilization system consisting of which of the following?
• What term describes the geographical area to which a particular apparatus is assigned to be first due on a fire or other emergency incident?
• Every U.S. gallon of water used to suppress fire adds how many pounds of weight to floors that may already be weakened?
• Structure partially built in a factory and shipped to the installation site?
• Which system is the supplemental restraint system (SRS) primarily associated with?
• Walls in type V construction may collapse inward or outward.
• Hose testing equipment must be calibrated within how many months?
• For how long should the hose pressure be maintained during testing?
• What factors affect fire spread?
• What happens when a BLEVE occurs?
• Power tools should be inspected when?
• What is the temperature rating for Red color coded sprinkler systems?
• Which powered rescue tools can cut almost any metal object that fits between the blades and blades that typically have an opening of 7 inches?
• Which is a responsibility of the fire department at a response involving a suspected propane leak?
• Which construction type features exterior walls and structural members noncombustible or limited, with interior framing of wood?
• Which system provides a standardized approach to incident management that is adaptable to incidents of any size or type?
• What describes a trench?
• When shutting off power to a conventional 12-volt vehicle battery, which cable should be disconnected first?
• Collapse of structures using _________ construction can occur early in the incident without warning.
• NFPA 1962 is the standard referenced for determining what during hose testing?
• Lightweight trusses and engineered floor systems can fail in _________.
• Hydrocarbon fuels do not mix with water.
• Which method is NOT listed for gaining knowledge of contents within a structure?
• Extrication should not be attempted until which condition is met?
• What is a likely consequence of improper foam application on a hydrocarbon fire?
• Power tools should be inspected when?
• To prevent reignition of a liquid fuel fire after foam has been applied, do NOT:
• Small-diameter hose (SDH) is characterized by which attribute?
• What is a surfactant in firefighting foam applications?
• As an estimate, 250 gpm adds how many tons of water per minute to the structure?
• Why should firefighters exercise caution during overhaul operations?
• What does CAFS stand for?
• Green wood is defined as?
• What guides the location and handling of evidence in an investigation?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of a code category?
• Which of the following is the correct factor used to estimate collapse zones?
• Fire-rated assembly designed to prevent fire spread by auto sealing an opening in a fire wall to block spread?
• Veneer walls consist of a base material with what on the surface?
• Proper cleaning methods for power tools
• In vehicle extrication operations, what is the first step responders should perform?
• Pneumatic tools are _____ than electric and hydraulic tools.
• Which glass type crumbles into chunks when broken?
• In Class B foam generation, which component must be present with foam concentrate to create stable foam?
• Which statement about standards is true?
• What term describes the area where undeveloped wildland meets a human development area?
• Which home type is assembled on-site from panels that include foam insulation sandwiched between sheets of plywood and require no framing members?
• Which statement best describes an HVAC system?
• Which type of glass used for vehicle windows consists of two sheets of glass bonded to a plastic interlayer between them?
• Which home type is assembled on-site from factory-made modules joined on-site?
• Spoilation is defined as what?
• This description refers to which role: could be a peace officer and makes investigation after fire is out and recognizes and collects important info?
• What term refers to a structure consisting of core modular units assembled first and panels added to complete the building?
• Interior lath and plaster walls can be very difficult to penetrate with axes or hand tools.
• What is the function of a Post Indicator Valve (PIV) in fire protection systems?
• On a two-door vehicle, which post is considered the C-post?
• What is the rating assigned to a material or assembly after standardized testing that identifies how long it will resist a typical fire?
• Which dwelling is defined as an assembly of four major components: chassis, floor, wall, and roof systems, though built with various materials, and is basically frame construction?
• Which construction type uses heavy timber interior framing and noncombustible exterior walls?
• Which statement about Class A foam is true?
• After completing equipment maintenance, what should you do?
• In which type of rescue are supplied air respirators most likely used?
• What is the approximate kilopascal value for 50 psi?
• Which description best defines Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)?
• Which term refers to the written plan that identifies hazards, analyzes exposure, selects risk management techniques, implements them, and monitors results?
• Which statement correctly differentiates Wye and Siamese appliances?
• What is compressive strength?
• Which statement correctly describes flashpoints for combustible liquids?
• What is the typical optimum span of control, defined as the maximum number of subordinates a single supervisor can effectively oversee?
• Blue hydrants have a GPM of
• Direct evidence is best described as evidence provided by whom?
• At a bulk transport incident, firefighters must:
• Which type of joist features a web that does not fill the entire web space, such as steel bars or tubes?
• Which item should be worn at an MVC scene to enhance visibility, unless you are actively fighting fire or extricating?
• Alarm Assignment is best defined as which of the following?
• Which construction method involves pouring concrete into forms and letting it take the shape of the form where it will be used?
• In construction, what does rebar contribute to concrete structures?
• The Venturi effect describes...
• When exposed to temperatures above 1000 degrees, protective systems will expand and twist, pushing out walls, and when cool, will slightly constrict.
• If a sprinkler is color coded Orange, what color bulb does it use?
• Service testing on hose is done when?
• What is the primary purpose of maintaining records on hose testing?
• What is used to spread fire from one area to another?
• What action should be taken if a pressurized vessel containing flammable gas is exposed to flames?
• Which term refers to a heat source that has sufficient temperature, energy, and duration of contact with the fuel to ignite it?
• Lightning strikes are what kind of fire cause?
• In the Incident Command System, what is the role of the accountability officer?
• What is the most common hazard first addressed at the scene of a motor vehicle crash?
• If foam concentrates of different types are mixed in the same tank, what is the likely outcome?
• Which metal is commonly used along with steel, aluminum, and copper in building materials?
• The collapse zone is established adjacent to which feature?
• Fire behavior indicators are composed of which elements?
• At a bulk transport incident, responders should:
• Which is a safety procedure related to fire hose testing?
• Which post is located between the front and rear doors on a four-door vehicle?
• Which term means to make less severe or to reduce the severity of a hazard?
• Wheel chocks are commonly made from which materials?
• In wall framing, which term describes the upright post that supports wall coverings?
• Which hazard is described as a potential collapse hazard due to features extending above a structure?
• Which material is fire resistant and used for gypsum plaster wallboard?
• Which term describes the upright post in the framework of a wall that supports sheets of lath and plaster or wallboard?
• BLEVE stands for which of the following?
• Exigent circumstances allow entry without a warrant in which situation?
• Class B Foam is designed for use on which fires?
• Who is responsible for collecting critical information after a fire and conducting the investigative process?
• Which term describes personnel who provide administrative and logistical support to line units?
• Which zone contains personnel who are prepared to advance into the hot zone?
• What describes a Battalion in the fire department?
• Which description best describes a trench excavation scenario?
• Safest procedure for maintaining portable lighting equipment.
• Which collapse pattern is the most vulnerable to secondary collapse?
• High expansion ratio foam is typically used in confined spaces such as shipboard compartments basements mines and enclosed aircraft hangars at expansion ratios of:
• Which action should be avoided when service testing fire hose because it can cause damage to the hose?
• Collapse Zone is defined as what?
• Which component is designed to seal penetrations for plumbing or electrical installations to prevent fire spread?
• Statements should be made to who ONLY?
• What is Material First Ignited?
• OSB stands for oriented strand board. Which material describes the strands used to form OSB?
• Which type of equipment is NOT typically maintained by a Fire Fighter II?
• In collapse patterns, the pattern where floor and roof assemblies collapse on both sides of a load-bearing center wall is called what?
• What is needed to cut through many modern vehicle posts that are made from case-hardened steel or exotic materials?
• What unit is used to express the minimum flow for an initial attack line under NFPA 1410?
• Veneer walls are walls with what characteristic?
• Protected stairs are stair with code required, fire rated, enclosed construction; intended to protect occupants as they make their way through stair enclosure. Which option best defines this feature?
• What is the primary role of a foam proportioner?
• In tempered glass removal, where is the initial strike directed?
• Which term describes the component used to connect truss intersections and strengthen the assembly of roof or floor components?
• Siamese appliance: what does it do?
• Which foam application method is well suited for a flammable liquid spill near the exterior wall of a building?
• What should be done when removing the roof from a vehicle with a unibody construction?
• What is a safety rule when using pneumatic lifting bags?
• What is the maximum temperature rating associated with orange color coded sprinkler systems?
• True or false: Heat exposure can cause masonry mortar to degrade and show signs of weakness.
• Which of the following is a hazard associated with foam concentrate exposure during firefighting operations?
• What is the horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two sloping roof surfaces?
• What is the maximum recommended spacing between spreaders?
• Orange colored sprinkler systems can have a temperature rating up to
• Which of the following is an immediate action step if firefighters suspect a collapse?
• Defensive strategy is defined as which of the following?
• Which term describes steel structural members that are protected by spray-on fireproofing or encased in a UL-approved system?
• Which term describes the crime of willfully and maliciously setting a fire?
• Which type of fire is intentionally set?
• Masonry includes bricks, stones and _________.
• During hose handling safety, what is recommended?
• Which organizational principle states that workers report to only one supervisor to eliminate conflicting orders?
• NFPA 1962 refers to what?
• Which term describes a life jacket or vest that provides buoyancy for the wearer?
• Secondary Collapse refers to which scenario?
• What term refers to the location that typically sustains the most damage and determines the fire load?
• The primary job of the FF II at a technical rescue incident is to
• When fighting fire, what should you do to preserve evidence?
• How should you proceed if you find a problem during portable generator maintenance?
• Which of the following is not a recognized method to obtain the Right of Entry?
• Which term describes the history of the fire, beginning at origin and continuing through the spread?
• Which mechanism allows a vehicle engine to power equipment such as a pump or winch and is typically attached to the transmission?
• What is the main advantage of using electricity as a power source for rescue tools?
• Which factor is associated with early collapse during a fire?
• Which term refers to the history of the fire, from the moment the ignition source and first fuel meet at the area of origin through the entire duration of fire spread?
• Which passenger safety system deploys airbags from just above the top of the door frame and may or may not deflate after deployment depending on type?
• Which statement describes tensile strength?
• Which safety system includes airbags that deploy above the door frame and may or may not deflate after deployment?
• Which term describes the operation of fire and emergency services training covering one or several aspects of firefighting?
• What is a disadvantage of using fog nozzles to apply firefighter foam?
• Secondary Collapse refers to which scenario?
• When masonry construction collapses, the debris can travel some distance and cause what?
• During purging, where should the nozzle be held to vent air from the hose?
• Fire hose testing records should include the reason hoses failed the test.
• The two 1½-inch outlets on a water thief are used to supply additional hoses from the main source.
• When personnel are in the warm zone, they must?
• Type 1 construction is defined as construction where structural members, including walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs, are made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials and have a specified degree of fire resistance.
• Which organizational principle is developed and adopted as a basis for decision-making?
• Type I construction high-rise buildings are not likely to collapse, making the primary concern the hazard of flying glass from windows.
• From a firefighter's perspective, awareness of the type of steel used in a structure is vital.
• What is a critical task that must be performed by the first responders upon arrival at a technical rescue incident?
• Which is a powered hydraulic tool designed for straight pushing operations?
• Chain of command refers to
• Which of the following is NOT a way the contents within the structure contribute to collapse?
• How should pressurized vessels be identified to responders?
• Which term describes the apparent design of burned material and the burning path of travel from the origin?
• Which statement best differentiates area of origin from point of origin?
• NFPA 921 describes which aspect of fire investigation?
• Orange color coded sprinkler systems have a temperature rating in which range?
• Which term refers to the cause classification for a fire that results from an accidental act, not deliberate ignition?
• Which of the following is a feature affecting heat exposure integrity?
• During a water rescue size-up, the initial determination distinguishes between a rescue and a recovery.
• Which structure is described as the combination of modular core units assembled first and panels added later to complete construction, representing a hybrid of modular design and panelized construction?
• The command must communicate with the relieved officer using either radio or face-to-face contact.
• What term describes the designated area to prevent firefighters from being caught in a collapse?
• Which foam proportioning method uses an external pump to push foam concentrate into the fire stream?
• Test results should be recorded according to what guidelines?
• Which device provides rapid pulling power on rescue vehicles?
• Which rescue tools are used to create an anchor point above openings, allowing victims to be hoisted out?
• Which term describes an arrangement of components that conveys electrical power by converting solar energy into direct current electricity?
• How should a vehicle with all wheels on the ground be stabilized to prevent horizontal movement?
• Fire hose records can be stored in which formats?
• What is a wall-like concrete structure across a river designed to back up water, also known as a Low-Head Dam?
• What type of buildings can pose an even greater danger of fire in collapse?
• Which collapse pattern occurs when the outer walls remain intact and the upper and/or roof structure fail in the middle, offering a good chance of habitable spaces along the outer walls?
• Lumber of smaller dimensions needs to be protected by ______ drywall or insulation to increase it's resistance to fire
• Which type of chain should be used in rescue operations?
• What are lengths of solid wood or plastic used to stabilize vehicles and collapsed buildings during extrication incidents?
• Foam is defined as:
• The test pressure is set according to which standard?
• A parapet is defined as which of the following?
• Which saw is typically gasoline powered, is used for cutting wood, metal or masonry and can be used with both large toothed and fine toothed blades?
• What does 'culture' refer to within an organization?
• Proportioning in foam systems refers to...
• Which condition requires replacing a spark plug?
• Gate valve is best described as:
• Unknown ignition source is what type of fire cause?
• Which term describes the path of travel of a fire from the origin?
• What is the temperature rating for White color coded sprinkler systems?
• What is a danger HVAC systems pose during a structure fire?
• A fog nozzle can be used with foam solutions to produce a low expansion short-blasting foam. Which of the following statements is true?
• Fog nozzles used with foam solution produce what type of foam?
• Defensive strategy in incident management involves which approach?
• Which term describes the area around a structure that should be avoided due to potential debris during a collapse?
• Which device converts vehicle DC power to alternating current?
• Which sprinkler color uses a Blue bulb?
• PFDs must be approved by which authorities?
• A second roof constructed over an existing roof is commonly called what?
• Cast iron stands up well to fire and intense heat, but it may ______ or ______ when rapidly cooled with water.
• Which foam proportioning method is typically used with vehicle-mounted tank systems?
• The cordon distance of 100 ft is approximately how many meters?
• Masonry construction can collapse in one piece or crumble.
• Water thief is characterized by which feature?
• Overloaded electrical circuits are what kind of fire cause?
• Which device is used to generate auxiliary electrical power and is powered by gasoline or diesel engines?
• Postincident Analysis is the overview and critique of an incident by members of all responding agencies, typically completed within two weeks. What is this process called?
• The primary reason to disconnect vehicle power sources before rescue is to prevent:
• Charred material indicates which aspect of fire behavior?
• What is the primary purpose of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?
• The safe area outside the warm zone where the Incident Command Post and other support functions are typically located is known as which zone?
• Structural collapse is the structural failure of a building or portion thereof resulting from which forces?
• A Ratchet-Lever Jack is a lifting device that uses leverage to operate; it is capable of lifting moderately heavy loads but is generally considered the most dangerous jack.
• When sizing a collapse zone, which of the following is a factor to consider?
• When service testing a fire hose, the testing area should be kept as dry as possible.
• Which concentrate combines fluoroprotein with aqueous film forming capabilities?
• NFIRS is best described as which?
• What type of accident can often require displacing the dashboard?
• Airbags can deploy after the battery is disconnected because the reserve energy supply can last up to how long, depending on the vehicle?
• Collecting everything from the scene as evidence usually leads to what kind of conclusion?
• Where should chalk marks indicate the position of couplings on hoses during testing?
• Which construction type is less prone to collapse?
• Why is gypsum unique?
• All-Hazard Concept provides what?
• Outer perimeter location at technical rescue incidents is determined by?
• Which is NOT a fire cause classification?
• Firefighters working on or near a roadway must wear what?
• Which tool is a powered hydraulic device designed to push straight, moving heavy loads?
• Which description best matches a typical HVAC system?
• A device mounted on an apparatus that uses a centrifugal pump to supply the water for the foam solution and includes onboard air is known as what?
• According to the 5-10-12-18-20 inch rule of thumb, what clearance is recommended for side impact/knee bolsters?
• Which feature allows exterior fire to enter the attic through attic vents in typical eaves?
• Water source requirement during service testing of a fire hose
• Eduction (induction) is a foam proportioning method that uses...
• A personal flotation device (PFD) is a life jacket or similar device that provides buoyancy for the wearer; when used for rescue operations, it should be U.S. Coast Guard approved Type III or V.
• AFFF is best described as...
• Fiberglass is a composite material used in casting for lightweight properties; which population is specifically noted?
• Any valve operation must be performed in coordination with:
• Incendiary Fire Cause is defined as:
• Why is it no longer recommended to remove the windshield of vehicles?
• Which term describes the history of the fire, from ignition to the end of its spread?
• LDH appliances are useful when you need to do what?
• All-Hazard Concept components include which elements?
• Which term describes the completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution?
• What term describes an abnormally low body temperature?